Pleuroscopy is a minimally invasive procedure that allows a physician to view the pleural cavity. The pleura are the two thin layers of smooth tissue that line the chest cavity and surround the lungs. During the procedure, a pleuroscope (a thin, flexible tube with a camera on the end) is introduced through a small incision in the chest wall.

Pleuroscopy is typically performed for various diagnostic and therapeutic reasons, including:

• Investigating unexplained pleural effusions (fluid accumulation in the pleural space)
• Obtaining tissue samples (biopsies) for analysis
• Identifying and treating pleural disease, such as infections or malignancies
• Administering medications directly into the pleural space

The pleuroscopy procedure generally involves the following steps:

• The patient is positioned comfortably, usually lying on their side.
• A local anesthetic is administered to numb the area where the incision will be made.
• A small incision is made in the chest wall, and the pleuroscope is carefully inserted into the pleural cavity.
• The physician uses the camera on the pleuroscope to visualize the pleural space and may perform additional procedures, such as obtaining tissue samples or draining fluid.
• Once the procedure is complete, the pleuroscope is removed, and the incision is closed.

Pleuroscopy offers several advantages, including:

• Minimally invasive approach with reduced recovery time
• Ability to obtain direct visualization of the pleural cavity
• Facilitates diagnosis and treatment of pleural conditions

While pleuroscopy is generally safe, there are potential risks, including:

• Pneumothorax (collapsed lung)
• Infection at the incision site
• Bleeding
• Damage to surrounding structures

Patients should discuss their specific risks and benefits with their healthcare provider before the procedure.